Memo from the Department of Defense Summarizing Approved Methods of Interrogation, with Annotation from Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld

The Interrogation Ddo.1,---,t,nts: Debating U.S. Policy and Method--
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Updated - July 13, 2004 '
The Interrogation Documents:
Debating U.S. Policy and Methods
. • '
2, 2002 - Memo from the Department of Defense summarizing approved
methods of interrogation, with annotation from Secretary of Defense Donald •
Rumsfeld
"All of those up 'and down :the chain of
command who bear any responsibility
must be held accountable forthe
brutality and humiliation, they inflicted
on the prisoners and for the darnage
and dishonor that they brought to our
nation and to the United States armed
•,forces, which is otherwise filled with .
honorable men and. women acting with
courage and professionalism to bring
stability and security and
reconstruction to Iraq." •
— Senator Carl Levin (D-Mich),
Senate Armed Services Committee
Hearing May 11 2004
"There must be a full accountability for
the. abuse of Iraq detainees and • •
important questions must be asked of,
tne chain of command to understand .
what happened, how it happened,
When it happened and how those in
positions of responsibility either
•ordered,, encouraged or authorized '—
or maybe looked the other way -- such
conduct."
-- Senator John Warner (R-Va),
Senate Armed Services Committee
Hearing May 19 2004
On June 22, 2004, the White House officially released 14 •
documents originating from the White House, the Pentagon and
the Justice Department concerning the AdMinistration's
interrogation policies. These records include only one,that,
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The Interrogation Docr -Tits: Debating U.S. Policy and Method ic-
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• previously was published by news media sources, and did not .
r * include at' least 5 additional documents widely reported ; in the news
media and already made available to the public by the news media
concerning interrogation policies from the White Hciuse, Pentagon,-
Justice Department and Department of State. Still other records are
reported to exist or referenced in the already released materials, but
have not.been made available -- either officially or unofficially —
. to . the public. This Electronic Briefmg Book includes a •
comprehensive listing of available records relating to. U.S. .
interrogation policies, including records officially released by the
• White House and the Department of Defense on June22, leaked
documents that have not been officially released, •and a
. description of 17 records that have not been made available to
the public. In addition, this posting includes the text of a
.congressional subpoena propoSed by Senators Leahy. and Feinstein
that was defeated on June 17, 2004 by 'the Senate 'Judiciary •
Committee and a Copy of the "Taguba Report" detailing the
findings of a Department of Defense investigation into the
treatment of prisoners at Abu.Ghraib Prison in Iraq.•
WHITE HOUSE. RELEASE
Page 2 Of 15"
• The documents included in the June 22 White House 'release were
. described' by White House Counsel Alberto Gonzales as "two • •
di&tinet•-sets ,of documents; those that .were generated by • ; • •
government•aWyers to explore the limits ofthe.legal landscape as
to what the Executive Bfanch can do within the law and the
Constitution as an abstract matter; You also have documents that •
•reflect the actual decisions issued by the President and 'senior
administration officials directing the. policies that our military
would actually be obliged to follow." Press Briefing, .Tune
2004.
Oh June 8, 2004, the Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing
concerning the role of the Justice Department in.the .
interrogation debates. During the. hearing, members of the'
committee asked Attorney General John Ashcroft about the content
and status of Justice. Department and Pentagon memos which have
not been officially released. Ashcroft repeatedly refused to turn the
memos over to the committee, saying "The president has aright to
receive advice from his attorney general in confidence, and so do
other executive a.gencies_of government. And this doesnotmean
that there can't be debate on such topics. It just means that the
private advice that the president gets from his attorney general
doesn't have to be a part of the debate."
'•At a •press conference' two days later, President Bush was asked
about the Justice Department•memos giving him authority to allow
any method of interrogation. He responded, "The authorization I
issued was that anything we did would conform to U.S. law and
•
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The Interrogation Doc(r-ients: Debating U.S. Policy and Methor Page 3 of 1.-5—
•
would belconsistent with international treaty obligations. That's the .
message I gave our people... I can't remember if I've seen the
memo or nOt,- but I gave those instructions."
Jan 22, 2002 - Department of Justice memo to White
House and Defense Department Counsels regarding the
application of the War Crimes Act and the Geneva
Conventions "
The 37-page memo, written by Assistant Attorney
General Jay S. Bybee, is addressed to White Ho-use
Counsel Alberto R. Gonzales and General Counsel at
the Pentagon William J .HaYneS IL The memo states
that President Bush is not bound by international
obligations to Afghanistan because it is a "failed
.state,'' and that•therefore the War Crimes Act of 1984
and .the Geneva Convention do not apply to prisoners .
. • from the Afghanistan,conflict.
[The memo was released on June 22, 2004. obtained
from The Washington Post website at
www.washingtonpost.com.] "
Feb 1, 2002 -.Department of Justice memo to President .
Bush reiterating position againsthe aplication of
Geneva Convention to al Oaeda and the Taliban
The memo, written by Attorney General John
Ashcroft, summarizes the position of the Justice '
Department on why the Geneva Convention does not.'.
apply to al Qaeda or.Taliban prisoners. Ashcroft warns'
against the possibility:of U.S. officials being subject to
prosecution'for violating U.S. and international laws if
the Geneva Conventions are applied. •
[The memo was released on June.22, 2004. Obtained,
from The Washington Post website at . .
www.washingtonpost.com.]
Feb 7, 2002 - Department of Justice memo to the White
House Counsel on the status of Taliban combatants
The then Head of the Office ofLegal Counsel at the
Justice Department, Assistant Attorney General Jay S.
Bybee, states the Department's conclusion that the
-President "has reasonable factual grounds" to
determine that members of the Taliban captured in
Afghanistan are not entitled to prisoner of war (POW)
status under.the Geneva Convention..
[Released June 22, 2004. Obtained from The
Washington Post website at
www.washingtonpost.com .]
•
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• - .
Feb 7, 2002 - Memo from President Bush to his national
security advisors concerning the application of Geneva -
Convention in the Afghanistan conflict
t.
In the memo, President Bush states his belief that he
has "the authority under the Constitution" to determine
that the Geneva Convention does not apply to the •
conflict in Afghanistan, but that he Will'"decline to
exercise that authority at this time." In accordance
with the position of the Department .of Justice, he
determines that the Geneva Convention on the
Treatment of Prisoners of War does not apply to
members of the Taliban and al Qaeda.
- {Released June 22, 2004. Obtained from The
Washington Post website at
www.washingtonpost.bom.]
Feb 26, 2002 - Department of Justice memo to the -
Defense Department General Counsel on the •
constitutional issues related to detainees from the
Afghanistan conflict
In a memo to General Counsel William J Haynes LI,
Assistant Attorney General Jay S. Bybee examines •
..possible legal constraints on the interrogation of •
•7: -Afgham- stanprisOners, including whether- statements
made during interrogations are adinissible in military .
commissions and whether individuals being
interrogated will be prosecuted.
"Released June 22, 2004. Obtained from The
Washington Post website at • .
www.washingtonpost,coml•
Aug 1, 2002 - Department'of Justice memo to White
House Counsel stating that interrogation methods used
on .al Qaeda prisoners 'comply with international treaties
prohibiting torture •
. The memo ; written by Deputy Assistant Attorney
General John C: Yoo of the Office of Legal CoUnsel,
: advises White House Counsel Alberto R. Gonzale -s
that techniques used to interrogate members of al
Qaeda would not violate the Torture Convention of
1984, and th.at such :interrogations were not within the
jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.
: [Released June 22, 2004 Obtained from The
'Washington Post website at
. www.washingtonpost.com.] .
Aug 1, 2002 - Department of Justice memo to . the White
House Counsel regarding the definition of torture
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The inemo.from Assistant Attorney'General Jay S.
Bybee to White House Counsel Alberto Gonzales
examines the definition of torture under the 1984
Torture Convention and its appliCability to
interrogations. outside of the United States. The .Office
of Legal Counsel concludes that physical pain
constituting torture "must be equivalent.in intensity to
the pain accompanying serious physical injury, such
as organ failure, impairment'of bodily function, or
even death." The memo also finds that the torture of
suspected terrorists for interrogation purposes might
be legally defensible.
[Released June 22, 2004. Obtained from The
Washington Post website at
www.Washingtonpost.coni] . '
•
Dec 2, 2002 - Memo from the Department of Defense
:summarizing approved methods of interrogation
The memo on "Counter-Resistance Techniques"• was
written by the Defense Department's General Counsel,
. William J 'Haynes II, and later apprOved by Secretary
of Defense Rumsfeld. It sets out specific techniques
. for interrogation that can be used on . detainees at the
U.S. detention center at Guantanamo Bay,Cuba..:
• A related memo issued on Stine 22, " 2'U04, by. •
White,House,officials.reviews the specific '
• methods which were approved and used:
[Released June 22, 2004. Obtained from The
Washington Post website at •
www.washingtonpost.com .]
Jari.15, 2003 = Department of Defense memo from
Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld to the head of U.S.
Southern Command on specific interrogation techniques.
The memo from Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld
•withdraws his approval for some interrogation
techniques used on detainees at Guantanamo Bay.
Secretary Rumsfeld allows for the use of harsher
tactics only if "warranted in an individual case" and
explicitly approved by him.
[Released June 22, 2004. Obtained from The
Washington Post website at
www:washingtonpost.com.]
Jan 15, 2003 - Memo from Secretary of Defense
. .Rumsfeld to Defense Department Counsel regarding a
review of interrogation policies
The memo from Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld to
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-Cotidel William J Haynes requests the creation of a
working group "to assess the legal, policy, and
. operational issues relating to the interrogations of
detainees."
[Released June 22; 2004..Obtained from The
. Washington Post website at • '
www.washingtonpost.com.] •
Jan 17, 2003 - Department of Defense •memo to the •
General Counsel for the Air Force regarding the •eview of
interrogation policies
The memo from Defense Department Counsel
William J Haynes designates Mary- Walker, General .
Counsel for the Air Force, as the dhair of the working
group requested by Sebretary of Defense Rumsfeld to
assess U.S. policies toward interrogation.
[Released June 22, 2004. Obtained from The
Washington Post website at
www.washingtonpost.com .]
April 4, 2003 - Working Group Report from the Defense •
Department on interrogation methods
.The. 85-page classified report, prepared for Secretary •
of Defende Rurnsfeld,.reViews the hidtorical,
polide and operational consideration's" regarding
interrogations of detainees in the war on terrorism.
The report provides recommendations to the Secretary
. of Defense on which interrogation techniques Should•
• • be approved. It also outlines U.S. laws and •
-.international treaties concerning torture and discussed.
• how national security concerns or legal technicalities
could overcome such restrictions. The report states
that, as commander-in-chief, President Bush is not •
• bound by domestic.or international laws prohibiting
torture and that government agents who might have
used torture under his direction Can not be prosectited
• by the Justice Department. .
•[Released June 22, 2004. Obtained from The
WaShington Post website at
. www.washingtonpost.com .]
An earlier draft of the repoi-t was referenced by The
Wall Street Jourizal and made available by The Wall
Street Journal on Rine 7, 2004. The draft, dated -
March 6,•2003, lacks several pages included in the
version officially released on June 22, 2004: Pages 29-
30, 34, 46, 49, 54-71,•as . well as the appendices on -
interrogation techniques and recommendations.
. Sections from pages 7, 8, 26, 39, 41, and 42 have also• FB1023070CBT
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been omitted or rewritten.
Apr 16, 2003 - Department of Defense memo from
Secretary of Defense Rumsfeid to the Head of the U.S.
-Southern Command regarding approved interrogation
methods
The memo restates the. specific techniques of
interrogation which have been approved by the . . •
. Secretary of Defense for use on detainees at the U.S.
detention facility at Guantanamo Bay. It identifies
. additional measures which require Secretary of
. Defense Rumsfeld's explicit approval.
• . [Released June 22, 2004. Obtilined from The
Washington Post website at
www.washingtbnpost.coml
•
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE RELEASE
The following nine documents relate to the develop:tient of
interrogation procedures at the U.S.. military. detention facility in
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and were released by theDepartment . of
- Defense on June 22:Five of these records were also'released by . •
the :White House. on the same day:-.Aer.ording_to theDepartment of. '
Defense press release, the documents were being "made available
to demonstrate that the actions : of the Defense Department are
bound by law and guided by Ameriaan values." The documents
date from January' 2002, when detainees, were first brought to
Guantanamo, and pertain primarily to the development of
'interrogation techniques at th • facility through, April 2004. Press • -
Release, June 22, 2004. '
Thefollowing four documents were released by the Department of
Defense on June 22 but were not part of the White House release "
thesame day. . .
Jan 19, 2002 - Secretary of Defense Memo -for
Combatant Commanders, "Status of Taliban
and Al Qaida"
Secretary of Defense Dona. ld.Rumsfeld
determines that-Al Qaida and Taliban
detainees 'rare not entitled to prisoner of —
war status for purposes of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949.." -However, detained
individuals are to be treated "humanely,
and to the extent appropriate and
consistent with military necessity, in a .
manner consistent with the principles of •
the Geneva Conventions of 1949."
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Jan .41, 2002 - Message from Chairman, Joint
Chiefs of Staff to Unified Commands and
Services, "Status of Taliban and AI Qaida"
This message transmits the secretary of
defense determination of Jan 19 to
'military combatant commanders.
Oct 11, 2002 - Memo for Commander Joint
Task Force 170, "Counter Resistance
Strategies"
This memo requests authorization from
the U.S. SOuthern.Command chief of a set
.of interrogation techniques described in
an attached memo: A second cover memo
indicates that.these 'techniques have
passed the legal review of Guantanamo's
.
staf judge advocate. The "Counter
Resistance Strategies" document lists '
three categories of increasingly severe .
interrogation methods. The commander of
Task.Force 170, Maj. Gen. Michael '
•Dunlavey, believes that the procedures
• outlined in the memo "will enhance our •
''' -efforts to extract additional infoinialioni" ; •
' Oct 25, 2002 - SOUTHCOM's endorsement of
the CJTF-170)is request .
-Noting that "some detainees have
tenaciously resisted our current
interrogation methods," U.S. Southern
Command chief James T. Hill
recommends the adoption of the .
interrogation techniques in the first two, .
categories of techniques described in the
"Counter Resistance Strategies" memo
attached to the Oct 1 l•memo above.
.However, Gen. Hillis "uncertain whether
all the techniques in the third category are •
legal under U.S. law" and requests further
legal review of these methods. Category
three techniques include threats against
detainees' families, actions intended to
simulate suffocation, exposure to cold
weather or water, and the use of "mild,
non-injurious physical contact."
The following five documents. were released by both the
Deparment of Defense and the White House on June 22.
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. . .
Stimmarieb:Of these documents are included above in the "White
House Release" section.
Dec 2, 2002 - Memo from the Department of
• Defense summarizirig approved Methods of
• interrogation .
Jan 15, 2003 - Departmental Defense memo
from Secretary of Defense. Rumsfeld to the
head of U.S. Southern Command on.specific
interrogation techniques
. Jan 15, 2003 - Memo from Secretary of
Defense Rumsfeld to Defense Department
Counsel regarding a review of interrogation
-policies
April 4, •003 - Working Group Report from the
Defense Department on interrogation methods
Apr 16, 2003 - Department of Defense memo
from Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld to the
Head of the U.S. Southern Command regarding •
approved interrogation methods
LEAKED DOCUMENTS NOT.INCLUDED.IN THE
WHITE HOUSE RELEASE
. ,
The following records were leaked to the news media and have •
been widely reported and Made available to the public by various
news media sources; These records were not included in the•June
22 White House release.
Dec 28, 2001 - Department of Justice memo to the
Defense Department with regard to the U.S. jurisdiction
over Guantanamo prisoners
The memo, written by lawyers Patrick F. Philibin and
'John Yoo of the Office of Legal Counsel, concludes
that the U.S. does not have jurisdiction over habeas
petitions of detainees in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The •
memo states that federal courts cannot review cases of •
mistreatment or mistaken arrest from prioners in . -
Guantanamo Bay because the detainees are being held'
outside :U.S. territory.
[Referenced in "Double Standards?" by. Michael
Isikoff, Newsweek, May 25, 2004. Obtained from the
Newsweek website at www.newsweek:com.]
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Jan 9, - Department of Justice memo concerning
the bearing of international laws prohibiting torture on
President Bush and the U.S. military .
The memo, entitled "Application of Treaties and Laws
to al Qaeda. and Taliban Detainees," was written by * '
lawyers John Yoo and Robert J. *Delahunty. It states:
-"Any customary international law of armed conflict in
no way binds, as a legal matter, the President or the -
U.S. Armed Forces concerning the detention or trial of
members of al Qaeda and. the Taliba." The memo •
concludes -that suspected terrorist detainees can be • .
prosecuted for violating these same laws: "We do not
believe that these courts would lose jurisdiction to try
members of al Qaeda or the Taliban militia for
violations of the laws of war, even though we have
concluded that the laws of war have no binding effect
[obscured] on the President." •
[Referenced in "Double Standards?" by Michael
'Isikoff, Newsweek, May 25, 2004 Obtained from' the
Newsweek *website at www.newsweek.com]
Jan 25, 2002 - Memo from •White House Counsel to
President Bush opposing the application of Geneva .
Conventions to the conflict in 'Afghanistan .
' White House Counsel Alberto -Gonzales states that as
Chief Executive, President Bush has the authority to
determine whether the. Geneva Convention Ill on the •
..Treatment. of Prisoners of War (GPW) does or does - •
:.not apply, and reiterates the position of the Office of
Legal Counsel of-the Justice Department that it does
not. The position•is justified, Gonazales writes, by the
status of Afghanistan'as a failed state that is unable to
fulfill its international obligations and the "militant, •
. terrorist-like" nature of the Taliban and its forces.
[Referenced in "Memos Reveal War Crimes
Warnings" by Michael Isikoff, NeWsweek, on May 17,
. 2004. Obtained from the Newsweek website at
• www.newsweek.com]
Jan 26, 2002 - Department of State memo from Colin
Powell in response to the White House Counsel's position
on the application- of Geneva Conventions - .
The 5-page memo, addressed to the-President's
Counsel and the Assistant to the President for National
-Security Affairs, outlines the "options available" to the
President in deciding the:applicability of the Geneva
Conventions to the Afghanistan conflict. Secretary
Powell identifies numerous advantages for applying .
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• (
the ..„Jnventions, including providing "the strongest
leghl foundation" for future military action., preserving •
the ,"credibility and moral authority" of the U.S., and
protecting American forces and officials from criminal
investigations.•
IReferenCedin,"Memos Reveal War Crimes •
Warnings" by Michael Isikoff, Newsweek, on May 17,
2004. Obtained from the Newsweek. website at
www.newsweek.com]
-Feb 2,'2002 - Department of State memo to the White '
. House Counsel advising that the Geneva Conventions
should apply .
The 5-page memo from State Department Legal
Advisor William H Taft to Counsel Alberto Gonzales
disCusseS the legal considerations surrounding the
application of the Geneva Conventions, emphaSizing:
the advantages of applying the Convention. An •
attachment to the memo . outlines the positions taken
, • by lawyers from the Department of Justice,
. Department of Defense, Department. of State, -the
White House Counsel, and the Office of the.Vice.
President.
[Referenced in "Documents Build a Case for Working
• • Outside:the,-Laws onInterrogatibg'Prisoners". by Neil
A. Lewis, New York Times, June 2004. Obtained
from The New York Times.]
• . •
On May. 7, 2004, The Wall Street Journal published excerpts of a
confidential report by the International Committee a the Red •
Cross on detention in Iraq. The 24-page report, dated January
2004 and submitted to Coalition. Forces the following month, was
-based on inspections and interviews which took.place front March
to November 2003, includinga visit to Aba ghraib in Mid-
October. It concludes that abuse of Iraqi prisoners by U.S..military
intelligence personnel .was widespread and in some cases
"tantamount to tortu•e." According to. the report,'ICRC officials
warned military intelligence officers of abuse at Abu Gliraib.after
witnessing mistreatment in the fall of 2003; but Were told that
harsh and brutal tactics, were "part of the process" when trying to ' .
.."obtain. confessions and extract information." Overall, the report
says ICRC investigations "suggested the use of ill-treatment ,
against persons deprived of their liberty_ went beYond exceptional
cases and might be considered a practice tolerated by" coalition
forces. •
Excerpts.-made available by The Wall Street Journal, "Red Cross
Found Widespread Abuse of Iraqi Prisoners," 7 May 2004
March 12, 2004"- Report from' Maj. General Antonio '
Taguba detailing the findings of a Department of Defense
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Page 12 of
investig.‘ion into the treatment of prisoners at Abu
Ghraib Prison in Iraq ("TaqUba Report"')
In January 2004 the senior U.S. commander in Iraq
authorized an investigation of the c9nduct . of the 800th .
Military Police Brigade, the unit in charge of detention
and internment operations of detainees and other .
prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad: The
report, prepared by Maj. General Antonio Taguba,
sharply criticizes the unit fOr mistreatment of
detainees at the facility, including various acts%of %-
physical, psychological and sexual abuse. The report •
•also finds that interrogators' from military and civilian
intelligence organizations "actively requested' that .
personnel from the 800thlsa Brigade "set the
physical and mental conditions for favorable
interrogation of.witnesses." [Referenced in "Torture at
Abu Ghraib” by Seymour Hersh, The New Yorker,
April 30, 2004] •
"At the end of the day, a few.soldiers
and civilians conspired to abuse and
conduct egregious acts of violence •
against detainees and other civilians
outside the bounds of international laW
and the Geneva Convention;.Their
incomPrehensible'acts, Catight:in their
own personal record of photographs. . •
and video clips, have seriously maligned
and impugned the courageOus acts of
thousands of U.S. and coalition forces: •
It puts into question the.reputation of
nation and the reputation of those
who continue•to serve in uniform, and •
who would willingly sacrifice their lives
to safeguard our freedom'." ' •
-- General Antonio .Taguba, Senate
Armed Services Committee hearing
May 11 2004
. 17 ADDITIONAL RECORDS THAT-HAVE NOT-BEEN
RELEASED
1-
"The stonewalling in the prison abuse scandal has
been building to a crisis point. Yesterday,
responding to public pressure*, the White House has.
released a small subset of the. documents that
offers a glimpse into.the genesis of this scandal.
There are many items missing' from this release,
however, inclUding all but three of the 23 items
'Judiciary Committee Democrats, requested in the
subpoena that was voted down by Republicans lait
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• week. Where are the 20 remaining documents?
Perhaps the.rnost ominous omission is the.lack of
any documents reflecting White House involvement
in this issue since military action bega.n.in Iraq last
'- year. The released documents do not include a .
single reference to the treatment or interrogation of
detainees in Iraq, despite the heinous abuses at
Abu Ghraib that we have all seen with our own
• eyes."
-- Senator Patrick Leahy (D-Ver), Floor .
'Statement, June 23 2004
Page 13 of -1-
The following 16 records are included in a congressional
•subpoena proposed by Senators Leahy,and Feinstein that was
defeated on June.17,2004 by the Senate Judiciary Coinnaittee:
' 1. Memorandum for Timothy .5. Flannigan, Deputy -
Counsel to the President, from"Ja.hn Yoo, Deputy
Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel,
. Re: The President's authority to conduct military
operations against terrorists and nations supporting
them (Sept. 25, 2001);
2. MemorandUm for Alberto. Gonzales, Counsel to :
the President,.from Patrick F. Philbin; Deputy.
•• Assistant- Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel;
..1-:-Re::Legal-ity-of-the - u86of Military cOmrnissionS.to; -.%
try terrorists (Nov. 6, 2001);
3: Draft Memorandum for William J.' Haynes,
General Counsel, Department of Defenselfrom• .
.John - Yoo, Deputy Assistant Attorney General; and ;
. Robert]. Delahunty, Special Counsel; Office of .
• ..Legal Counsel, Re: Application of treaties and laws
to al Qaeda and Taliban detainees (January 9, . .-
2002); .
4. Memorandum.forJohn Yoo; Deputy Assistant
.Attorney General, Office of Legal CounSel, from,
James C. Ho, Attorney-Advisor, Office of Legal
Counsel, Re: Possible interpretations of Common
Article 3 of the 1949 Geneva Convention.Relative to
the Treatment of Prisoners of War (Feb. 1, 2002);
5. Memorandum for Daniel J. Bryant, Assiitant
Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, from
.Patrick F. Philbin, Deputy AssiStant Attorney
•General, Office of Legal Counsel, Re: .Swift Justice
Authorization Act (Apr. -8, 2002);
6. Memorandum for General - James T. Hill from
Defense Secretary' Rumsferd, Re: Coercive •
- interrogation techniques that can _be used with
approval of the Defense Secretary (Apr. 2003);
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7. i---morandum from CJTF.-7, Re: Applicability of
Army Field Manual 34-52 and sensory deprivation
' (Sept. 10; 2003); •
. .
8. Directive of Lt. General Ricardo Sanchez entitled'
"Interrogation .and.Counter-Resistance
Policy" (Sept. 12, 2003);
9. Memorandum .from CJTF-7 on• interrogations .•
(Sept. 28,„200);
10. Memorandum.for. MI personnel at Abd Ghraib, '
.Re: InterrOgation rules of engagement (Oct, 9,
. 2003);
11: Memorandum for Commander of MI Brigade
from Lt. General Ricardo Sanchez, Re: . Order giving
military intelligence control over almost every
aspect•of prison conditions at Abu Ghraib with the .
explicit aim of manipulating the detainees'
"emotions and weaknesses" (Oct. 12, 2003);
12. Memoranda for Review and Appeal Board at
Abu Ghraib from Detainee Assessment Branch
(Nov. 1,2003 through Jan. 3.1, 2004);
- • • • "•
:.:-13.•Mernorandurn for MP and -MI personrIel.atfribu .;:=7-
.Ghraib from Colonel Marc Warren, the top legal, ,
adviser to Lt. General Ricardo Sanchez, Re: New
plan to restrict. Red Cross access to Abu Ghraib
(Jen. 2, 2004); . •
. . - •
.14. Memorandum for. Superiors from Maj. General
Antonio Taguba, Re: Results of investigation into '
the 800th MP Brigad&s actions in Abu Ghraib (Mar.
12, 2004); .
•
15. Memorandum from the. Department of Justice,
Re: Liability, of interrogators under the Convention
Against Torture and the Anti-Torture Act when.a
prisoner is not in U.S.. custody.
" 16. Review, study, or investigation, report . by LTC •
,Chamberlain, Re: State of prisons in Iraq ,
(addressing the proportion of innocent people in the
prisons and the release procedures for detained •
Iraqis),
The 'following- document has been desbribed in the news inedi4; but
has not been officially or unofficially released.
17. January 11, 2002 - State Department memo
concerning the violation of international laws
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In response to the Department.of Justice
memo of January 9, 2002, the Legal •
'Advisor's office.headed by William
Howard Taft IV.warns that any
pre.sidential actions that violated' ' .
international law would. "subject the
United States to adverse international
conseqUences in political and legal for a
andpotentially in the domestic courts of
foreign countries." .• •
: .[Referenced in "Double Standards?" by
Michael Isikoff, Newsweek, May 25, .
. 2004.] •
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