<p>A memo from Secretary Rumsfeld approving a set of interrogation techniques, including some that it admits may be "inconsistent with" provisions of the Geneva Conventions. The techniques include "Pride and Ego Down," "False Flag," "Dietary Manipulation," and "Sleep Adjustment."</p>
'. ..... UR~lA~~ltltll·... . --. - -----......__ .... _. .-.~ _... •"1 =_ ..=r=J·11 == Ie.LI THESECR.ElARY 'OF PEFE:NSE 1OODOE~ENSE PENTAGON . WASi;JINGTON,DC 20301-1000 . .' APRJ'62003 M:EMoRANDUM FOR THE COMMANDER. USSOlJI1-IERN.COMMAND ...... '. . . . SUBJECf: Counter-Resistance TeGhrtiques intheWar'on Terrorlsrn(S)' .~~I have considered the reportoftheWotkiIigGroup that I directed be: established on Jrultlary 15~ 2003. ....... .'. . '~.'lapprove the use of specified counter-r~istance tecbilique~, ~bject· to the folloWing: . . (V) a The techniques I authonzeare those lettered A~X.set outatTab A • (u). b.Th-ese techniques must be·used with. all the safeguards.de~Cri.bed.. · at Tab B. . '..' (~ c.··Use (jfthesetechniq~esis limited to interrogations ofun1~rwfiii combatants held at GUanfuiiamo Bay.Cub(:L ..... '. . '.' .' ..'.. C\A~ d.J?iorto the us~of~~techniques!, the Chamnanofthe \V?rking . . Group onDetaineeJn~errogations m the Global War on Terrorism,must bnefyou andY9UT staff. . . ..', . . . . . ...' . '. '.~) ireiteratethat USArmedFor~shallxntiIlueto··treatdetruneeS humanelyand. to the extent appropnatearid rorisistenfwith militaIyne.cessify. rna manner consistent with the principlesofthe Geneva Conventions. In addition, ifyol1 intend to use techniquesB.I, O. or X. you Inust specifically dete~ethat military neceSsity requires its use and notify me in advance. . . . tStNF) If. in your view~ you require additional inte~ogatlon feclmiqu'es for a: ·particuIcirdefainee. you should provide me•.via the Chairman.ofthe'Joint Chiefs,: ··.ofstaff,. a wri:tten request describing theproposed technique. ierorilmended' .' safegUards, andtheratlonaleJor applying itwith an identilled detainee.·: . ...... . : (u.1st N()tbing41 this memQrandiU~in any W3.y restricts yo~existing al1fuority··. :. '. '. to tnirlntaingood .order. and disCipline among detainees~. . . . ... . -.... . . ... Attachinents: As stated ie' ,1. .U~derAuthority·ofExecutive Order 12958 ....ve Secretary, Office of the secretary of Defense iiliam P. Mariio~ CAPT; USN ne18,2004 .. .' . I .. UlCIl....~. .. ~~.' of ····.·····.·.·IREUc~.ed. By.::':~ NOT RELEASABLE TO ... ' ,,~, ~.. ·.·.Reasoh: " ..... 1.5(a:) , . '.. :,'. . FOREIGNNA1l0N.ALS .. " .' .' Declassify On: 2 APtu 2013' . . . .' _ ~._ • 7 • . • • ~ _. _. _. :.. ~. •• .' .,'. _ '-:_ . " ... , TABA· . INTERROGATION·TECHNIQUES . ..~.. '. L . .. . .. ... . ..... -tSf/NF) The Use oftechnlques A ~.Xissubject to the general,safeguards cis ·proVided be1c:w as well as specific implementation guidelines to be provtded by the appropnate ahthOrity~ S~cUlc tmplementation guidance Wlthrespect to'· . , .. techniciues A.-Q isprovlded in Army Field Manual34-5~. ·Fllrther . ;. 'iInplementatiOi1gw~ance with respectto techniCJlles R··-x.Will needto be . devdoped bjrtbe .approPdate authoT1ty. '. . . . :.. .... ~()fth~·t~luiiq~e~ set forth below,the pou~'as~tsOf~~ . ....' ... ,. ·techniqu~s shoUld be considered to the extent those policy asPeqtS.reflect the:'·..'. views ·of other maJ9rU~S.partner natlons.Where$pl1c·able'-thedesciiptlon of , . the tec~que is annotated to include a sUIDIriary of the poHcy jssu~s that;· . . sh~Uld bC consIdered before appllcatlon oft4e technique. .... --. . .. (A)' .. . '. .'. .. '.. : A~ ~.Ditect: AsklnK's~~tfo~ard questions·.· .... '. ., B.~L;~f JnceQ\1V:/ReDlOv..i~JnCentlve:PnMdinga re\yarI;I'OrremoWlg a .• '" .' prtV1lege. a'b6vearid beyond those·th.at are reqt1ired by. the-Geneva COIlV'eIltion •. frQmdetainees.ICautlon: .. Other.nations thatbelieve·that~det..aJneCsareeilUUed .. to.POW protections'JriaY consider tllat·prov1~loiland.retention.qfreligious' it~. ""'. (e.g.~ the Koran)areproteete4 under~teTDatlonaI Jaw (see. GenevaJU.Art1cle .)'. ,~..~.~. 34). Altb.ough the proVisions of the GeneVa Convention are not appliCCibJe to the ·futerrogatlon. ofunlawful combatants..consideration should be given JC):these" . . Views prior to a,pplicatlon o,fthe teclmique.]· .. ..' c~ ('Yttwl ~motionaltil'~:Playingon,ilielo~~ a detrun~e h~fO~ ~.. indiVirlualor group. . .. D; . \Mj~F')~~ot10nal Hate: Playing on the h~Ur~da de~eebas for an.. iilQividualotgTOup.. . . . . E. (~~}m., ~ear Up Harsh:', SlgnificoouY Increas~ the fear J~ve1 bt ~ de~ee. .....:". (~. . ... . . . F. iSIlNF) Fear Up Mild: Moderately'increasing th~ te~level inadetainee..' (u) ... '. . . .. .G. (SI/NF) Reduced Fear: Reducing~e fear l~vel ina detainee.' H. ·~Prtdeand.Ego.Up: Boostingthe eg0..ofa detainee. " ...: ....... Classified.·By: . Secretary ofpefense· .. . Reason': .L5hi)· Declassify·On': .. 2April2013 ~..., . 'NOT'RELEASABLE. TO· 'TabA , . . . , . . FOREIGN 'NATIONALs " ":' " t ,', ' ",.:1'1;)C'.'['ASS''I .••.!:~ ,," ",,,,l~~.; ,', ,', 'L~i~ Pride' aIld 'EgoDOWn: Attacking 'orinSUlting'~e ego ofa'd~tainee, not beyond the limits that :wo~d apply to a POW. '[C8.titi()Ii: ~cle'17 of . ',Geneva ill proVides, "Prisoners ofwar, who ~fuse to :~swerIIlliY n6tbe '.' , :threatened, infn}lted, or exposed to anyunpleasantbr-disadv~tage6'Us :" . 'treaanentofanykitld." Oth~natioJ}s that' believe . that detainees are entitledt6 ' POW protections may consider,this t~que,inConsistentvnththeprovision~, ", ';',' , ofGerieVa., Although the piovisions ofGeneva are not applicable to the' " " ' in1irrogationofunlawfulrombataI:ttS. consideicltion should ,be,'given to these' viewS prio~ toapplica.tioo'cf the ~que.]"" ,. ,,' CiA) , .',' " ' " •.', , . "", J., {8/tNF). ,FUtility: lilvokingtbe feeling'of futility-of a detainee. ' . " :. : . ,c ~ Jllk, We Kn~All: Corivincing the deurlnee that the int~gatorkhoWs , the an.swer tQ questions he askstlle detainee. ' . . " .: . L., ~.Establi~Yo~I~entity: con~cingthe detainee th~~.tb~ , ~terrogat()thas miStakeI1'thedetairiee for sOmeone else.. '., , M~' ~.I{~titionAprm)~ch: o~tinuous1y~gth~ ~equ~tion:'~,· the detainee ~thininterrogation periods ofnonnaI duration. . ' , N.' ',(SSJj~ File and ~sier:~~cingdetainee ~tthe in~has a ' dSmllirig and in~tefil~, which mU$t be fixed. . " ," , . •9· ,~/~ ~utt~dJClE Ateamd~siStiIlg ~faftiendly ~dharsh,', . ' interrogator. The hatsh'interrogatormight employthe Pride and.Ego Down .teclm.ique. {Callti.on: Othern~ti~s,thatbelieve that:POWprntecti6f!$'apply,to' 4etain~ mayvieWthls ~queasmcOnsistent With GenevaIU, Art::ic1e 13 . which provides thatPaWs must be protected' ag~Stacls'()f intilriidation.~' ' . Although'the prOviSions ~fGeneva are not,applicable to'the interrogatiOn. of 'uPla:WM COJD,bataIlw.. ~~den:ltion should~giveIito these VieWs:priorto applicati~n ofthe technique.] , , ' . ' " . , '(LA:) ", . , ' , ' " , . p; ,~,Rapid Fire: Qu~oDinginl,"apid suc~oriwithoutalloVIDig .detainee'to answer~ ," . , , .. " ,(tA) , .' ,,' " , ' . Q. lSI/NFl Silence: Staring at·thedetainee toenCotirage discomfort. , , , , ' " etA..) , " ,' .. ' , " .' . ' " .' " .,','.'.. ..,',',., • I R ~IINF), Change ofSceileIy Up: Removing the detainee'frOm the standard . ·')nterroga.tionsetting(generally to'a location" mbre,pb:asant, but no wor&e}. , .~ ·s.{SV,/~· Ch~g~"OfsceneryDo~:'~ovingthe~aetafu~fro~th~' ~~d~ 4I~rrogation setting ~dplaci:ilg him masetting that maybe less Co¢ortable; . ··would not constitute a substantial change'in environmentalqualitY. " ' .. :. : , (fA.),' , " , " , " , " . '..' .' , .,.,' ," ' .: . T. ts7/NF)D1etarYManipulation: Changing the di~t ofa detainee; no jnb;lided :, deprivation: offood pr water; no adverse JP.eqiqilorcriltUral~ffect·8nd Without. iritentto .dep~vesubjectoff06dorwatet, e~g."hofrations to MREs..',' . ' .. " , 2 "Tab'A', -~ ..... ' .. .. ' " . -. ~.. ' (~) .' . . .... · U. BllNFl ·Eiivii"Otuncntal.MaDiiulation:, AlteriDg the environmentto'c:reate .' '. .. moderate discomfort (e~g.,~(ljusting temperature or introducing. an unpleasant . , .. ' smell).. Conditions Would not be suchthat theywould.iiijUiethede~ee,_ -'. Detainee wou1dbe:acC~inprurledby.interrogat9I'at alitime&~ [CB.utiori: -_~. oneoUIt cases m'othertountrieS~some nlitioIts mayview applicatiOn ofthIs... techilique' incertain.-clrcumstances to be inhtunaile.C9nsideration of:these vicWsshouldbegiven prior'to use ofthis te~qu~~J .•.. . ..... '. _ . _ (,}.) .' ... . .' -. ". '.' .... .. . . : ~. .... .. . . ". '. V.fSIINF) .Sleep Adjusttnent: AdjustiJig the s\eepingtinies ofthedetainee' ·(e.g~~ reversing sleepqcles from Dight to day~l 1bistechniqu~ i~NOT:sleep' · depriVati,ciI).·.. .. '. ... . _., .'w~(s)l~iFalSeFbig:Con~~.th~detain~·thatindividuais·from:a.. ' . countrY other than.the United states are interrogating him.· : .' .' '. ') ". -" ............ ". U ( ..... . .... . · x. '..'.' :'ls6latioil:lsoJatitlg the 'de~~'from oth~detainees w~estill. J/tk complymg with basic st:;uldar4softreatDienL' {caution: 'The'use ofiSohition'ils. an interro;'gon technique reqUires detailed implementa~on'iIistrUctioris~ '. . including cific guideIin~s regarding the JengtA ofisolation.. ~e~caJ. and . psychologi review, apd approval.for extensions 'of the length of:,isolation.by :tbeappropnate level·in the.cli~ of command, This technique.isnotknO\YIl to 1i~ve beengci:leraUy~u~edforinterrogatiOn .purpo~;for·loDger th~·36d~. ... . ' Th6se J1atioilsth~t:believe detam¢eSaTesubjectto Pow prOtecti()~smayView use ofthis teclmiqU.eas·.inConsiStentwith~the reiuit~entS C)t~eVam~ ',~. . Article 13 wbiChprdVide.s tfutt POWs must beprotCt;tedag~ta:cts()f . . intimidation; Arocle14 ~chprovides thatPoWS8re,~tit1ed:tpresJe¢tfor thcirperson; Artlcle34lVhiChprohlbits coerciOn'andAiticle '126whiCllensures .". access and.basicstlmdaidsoft;reatment. Although tlie:prOviSio~s ofGeneVt:t ..' . are not appli~J:le.totheintettog~tionofunlawful'OODl1ataritS, oousiderlt,tion . should ,be gi~totheSe vicvvsjniOt to application ·of theteCfu:rl~~.l . Tab'4 . .' .' '.':. '" .".... .. ,. , 'TABB GENERAL SAFEGUARDS ' ... ~\'~~ApPllcatiOn·oftheseirlterr~~~tlontechniques.'u;' S~bjec~.tO the fOllo~g" · gerieralsafeguards:(l)linl1ted 'touse omyat strateglClnteriogationfacJlitles;. (il) .. · '. there1s.a good basi:5 lo'bel1evetbat the detainee POSSesSescrtt1talm.telll.g~Ce; (WHhe detaii)ee1s medically and operationally evaluated assu1tabl~ '.: .' . . .., (cOnsid~ant~chnlquestopeusedin coiJlbmatlon); U.v)lntar~gators ate ". sPeCIfiCally trained for the teclm1que(~l: tv) a specific 1ntE!iT~~tlon'plan • (inclJ1,ding reasonable~egqardsl:tinlts on·duration. intervals betw~ .. ' . a.pplipations. te~tioncrttertaan4 the:presenceoT availabWtyofqtialliled lliedlc31'personne1)has been deyeloped;(Vilthei-e is approprtatesuperviston;.... . and, (VU) there'U, ajproprtate spectfiedsenior approval for uSe With any spectftc .' detaiilee (after CoDsidertngthe f()regoing~d ~Ceivlrtg.iegal adviCe).·· ....... ". (lJ):The p~eofallintetviews~d:'interr6gatlons is. t~'get the Dl,6st . 'infom¥ltlon froina deta1n.eeW1th·tb~ least IntrostVeniethod.aJwa~ app.lled.n a bl1II1aite arid lawfitlmanner:with sufficientoversight by trru.n:~i.nVestlgatQrsQr iIlterrQgatQr$. (lperating lilstnictionsmusfbedcVelopedbasedoncominaI:ld·. . pol1cies:to insUre unifo.rm. careful. and. scire applicatl~n ofany Interrogations of .detainees. . . . . . .... . . .' (u..-\. ,. '. . .' . .. . '.. . .·:.{SIINP}.lil.tcrrogati~Ds must Cllwaysbe planri,ed.deliberate actions :tll.aftake into accoWit. n:u.merolis~ often.interlocidngJactors such asadeuuD.ee;s~ent and past performance mboth:detentiOnaIld'mteJ:'Togatlon.,. a detafu~e's .'. '. ~motioncil aJidphyslcalst[¢ngtluqUid weaknesSes. an'aSs~s~eI1tofpossible . appr6aCh~s that may work on a certain·de·tamee in an efftlItt9,gam, the tnJ.st of thedetainee,strengt)ls and weaknesses of1nterrogators.and·~ugrilentat1on ~y ..... other persOnnelforacertaindeiatnee basedOIi other factors.' '. '. . . ~Inte~ogat.1:o~ approaches.are des~ed'to maniprltate the d~mtne~'s ~otlons'8Jldwe'aknesses to.gaIn JrlS williIigcOO~ratiOn.Interrpgat19il . operations .are never coilductediila yacuwn; they'are conductedm clo$e.. . ' cooperation With the uDitS de.taiiililg the lridivlduals.'n1e poUcies establIShed'" : ~Y ~he det$ingtiIl1tS that pertain tosearCl11rig,. silencmg. andsegregatlrig ~so . . . "playa roletn theiritern~gatlofl ofa de~ee.Oeta1n~.interrogatlOn·1nvolves · dt;veloptng a plantaUor~ to.an 1IidiVidualaridapprovedby' senior'. .... .... lnterr()gators.5trtctadhetence tOPOPC!ies./.stan~ard:.operatlhg procedures . goveinmg·the admintsqatlonOf mterrQgatlon' techn1quesa:ndoyerstght.iS . essential. '. . .. . . . ,., . . Class1fied By; : '. Secretary of Defense . ·.Reason : . . 'Lf)(~)' . Declassify On: .~ April 2013 r J-KnRELE.ASABLETO .··Tab..S· .', ., ': -:'" . . :".: :. ....: ..: " :', '"'' , . .. '. '. FOREIGN NATIONALS .' UIClASSIFlEn' . --_. -:-," -:. .' . ; "" , . .~)f~·It·i~ importanttbat·interrogators beprOvid~:~a&nai;k I8.titud~·to varyteclmiquesdepending on·the~et8mee's:·cultUre~ s~gtlis, w~eSSes~· . envir9riment; extentof training inremstance techniquesaswe1lllS·~eUrgent:Y. :•. .. . ofob~ginformation thatthe detainee iSlci:lown to·biWe~·. ..., ... . i~~~ Wbil~ tecbniqu~_areConsjd~~indMdUllliywiihinthis .anal~s,it· .. ml:lst be un4erst~that in practice, techniques are u~.~u~in· .. combination;·the cumulative effect of all techniques.to.be ~ployedmust'be.. :considerei·beforeany deciSions ~made r~gappr~f()1" pSrticlllar . . . . situat1Qns. The UPeofa p~ciilartechnique ~s not always.fully descnpuve ofa ..... . pru;:ticuiartechnique~With respect to the emp~oymentofanytechmqueS . Involving physical contact, stress or that.colild p:ioduce'physi~pain or h~. .. a detailed exipIanatiOnofthattechnique must be proVided to the.decision . ..auth9ri1yPrior to ~ydeclsion. . ..j' .. " ,', -. .' .. . . ', ...,: . r-:., .·•. UNCUSSIFIEU . . ~ .. . ..