Army Detainee Operations Report: DOD Questionnaire of Lieutenant Colonel re: Detainee Operations

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Questionnaire asked the Lieutenant Colonel thirty questions regarding soldier training, soldier morale and the treatment of detainees. [Handwriting illegible] [contents redacted].

Doc_type: 
Interview
Doc_date: 
Wednesday, April 7, 2004
Doc_rel_date: 
Thursday, July 14, 2005
Doc_text: 

PROVOST MARSHAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Rank I.7C Br Date: 6?2
Duty Position ow Long in Job
Interviewer How Long in Cou

1. What references/standards/publications/SOPs do you use to conduct Detainee
Operations? (1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1) AR 190-8, DoD Directive 5100.77, 1949 Geneva Convention, FM 3-1 A0, Th se are t primarwurce fors ndards and doctrine concerning Detainee Operations).
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2. What is the C2 structure/organization of internment facilities across Theater? How many internment facilities under U.S. Military Control, do you oversee? How many divisional Central Collection Points? How about Brigade Forward Collection Points? What MP units in Theater operate internment facilities and where are they positioned? (Battalion and Above) Describe the essential organizational requirements to run an internment facility. (Organizational Elements, Manning, Facilities, Equipment). Do you have what you need to accomplish the mission? If not, explain? (1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7,
.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1) (FM 3-19.40, Appendix D, Table D, Lists and provides details of MP organizations (bX2)-4 nd their duties regarding internment facilities.) (FM 3-19.40, Ch 2, all MP commanders and staff embers must be familiar with applicable ARs, Army directives, and international laws necessary for the
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3. How do yougils7e fer'atirn7hese locgoris7fa'6ilities re complying withfiairttxam 4.! the provisions of the Geneva Convention and AR 190-8? (1.1, 1.2, 4.1) AR 190-8,yJ paragraph 3-1, Internment facilities will be established in the communications zone of each theater of . perations for the purpose of receiving, accounting for, administering, and logistically supporting
PW/RP. Para 3-2 a. The operation of all EPW internment facilities is governed by the provisions of th Geneva Conventions. Para 3-2 b. The Theater commander remains responsible for the location of EPW facilities; detainees may be interned only in premises located on land and affording proper health and
'hygiene standards. Except in extreme circumstances, in the best interests of the individual, detainees will not be interned in correctional facilities housing military or civilian prisoners. Prisoners will not normally be i terned in unhealthy areas, or where the climate proves to be injurious to them, and will be removed as
oon as possible to a more favorable climate. Transit camps or collecting points will receive the same treatment as in permanent detainee camps. The internment facility will be marked with the letters 'PW' (Prisoner of War camp) and will be placed so they will be clearly visible from the air during the daytime.
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4. Are detainees being employed to work? What are the General policy and
procedures for the Employment and Compensation of Detainees? (1.1, 1.2, 4.1) Para 7-
1, b. & c., The CI will be employed so far as possible for the construction, administration, management,
and maintenance of the CI Camps. The Cl compensation procedures will be accomplished IAW AR 37­1.) AR 190-8, para 5-2, a. Establishment. A safety program for the CI will be established and
administered in accordance with the policies prescribed in AR 385-10 and other pertinent safety
directives. AR 190-8, Para 7-1, b. & c., The CI will be employed so far as possible for the construction,
administration, management, and maintenance of the CI Camps. The CI compensation procedures will
be accomplished IAW AR 37-1.) AR 190-8, para 7-5, The working conditions for the CI, to include
protective clothing, equipment, and safety devices, will be at least as favorable as those prescribed for
the civilian population of the occupied territory by the national laws and regulations and as provided for in
existing practice. In no case will the working conditions for the CI be inferior to those for the civilian

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5.
Is there a policy on the ratio of guards to Detainees in Theater? If so, what is it? Is
this standard being met? If not, what is the shortfall and how are units meeting the
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6.
What is your detainee segregation policy? (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.8, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1) ((EPWs,
Females, Juveniles, Civilian Internees (to include those that are security threats,
those that are hostile to coalition forces, and possible HTD/HVD, and Retained
Persons, Criminals, etc.)) What can you tell me about the categories of Detainees
that you are holding? What are they and what are the definitions of the different
categories that your organizations detain? How are you organized to handle the
different categories of Detainees (EPW, CI, HVD, OD, and refugees?) (AR 190-8, para 6­

1, b. (4), (AR 190-8, para 6-1, b. (4), CI shall be administered and housed separately from EPW/RP. Except in the case of families, female CI shall be housed in separate quarters and shall be under the direct supervision of women.) (FM 3-19.40, paragraph 2-1, An MP battalion commander tasked with operating an I/R facility is also the facility commander. As such, he is responsible for the safety and well­being of all personnel housed within the facility. Since an MP unit may be tasked to handle different categories if personnel (EPW, CI, OD refuges, and US military prisoner), the commander, the cadre, and supp6 personnel must be aw, re of th equirements for lch . a gory.) denesaste
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7. What is the minimum living space standard for each Detainee? How is it determined
and who set the provisions of minimum living space for internment facilities? (when

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possible, consult the preventative medicine authority in theater for provisions of minimum living space and sanitary facilities). Has a preventative medicine expert given advice on this? (1.1, 1.2, 1.8, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1) (AR 190-8, para 3-4, e. When possible consult
the preventive medicine authority in theater for provisions of minimum living space and sanitary facilities. (AR 190-8, para 6-1, b. (2) (3), The sleeping quarters shall be sufficiently spacious and well ventilated and the internees shall have suitable bedding and sufficient blankets, account being taken of the climate and the age, sex, and state of health of the internees. Internees shall have for their use, day and night, sanitary conveniences, which conform to the rules of hygiene and are constantly maintained in a state of cle-,Liness.)
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8. Do you use Military Working Dogs (MWD) within internment facilities? (1.1, 4.1) FM 3-
19.40, 5-74, The MWDs enhance the security and safety of an I/R facility. They can be used for patrolling and detecting xplpsives and narcotics.)
9. How does the command ensure that Detainee Operations is conducted is in compliance with the internationa
l w r? (OPORD/FRAGO, ROE, Interrogation Techniques, general orders, h ane treatment, etc) (1.1, 1.2, 4.1) AR 190-8, paragraph
1-4g. (Combatant Commanders, Task Force Commanders, and joint Task Force Commander have the overall responsibility for the EPW, CI, and RP program, operations, and contingency plans in the theater of operation involved to ensure compliance with international law of war. DoD Directive 2310.1 provides that persons captured or detained by the U S Military services shall normally be handed over for safekeeping to U S Army Military Police, or to detainee collecting points or other holding facilities and installations operated by U S Military Police as soon as practical.) (FM 3-19.40, paragraph 2-29, An MP commander ensures that soldiers understand use-of-force guidelines and the ROE established by higher headquarters for each mission. Because the use of force and ROE vary depending on the category of housed personnel and the operational environment, the commander develops SOPs that follow the guidance provided. He balances the physical security of force with mission accomplishment and the protection of deployed forces. ROE from CJCS ISO Iraqi operations dated 251600Z Apr 03 para 10 (U) All commanders will ensure their personnel are familiar with the .• armed.flict and with these ROE.")
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10. What is the current policy to grant conditional access to the International Red Cross/Crescent to Detainees? Has this always been the policy? Are they the only NGOs that have conditional access? If not, who are the other organizations? (1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 4.1) (AR 190-8, para 5-1, a. (5), e. (1), The CI will be entitled to apply for assistance to the
protecting powers, the International Committee of the Red Cross, approved religious organizations, relief societies, and any other organizations that can assist the Cl. As individually determined by the theater commander, protected civilian persons who are detained as alleged spies or saboteurs or as persons
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under definite suspicion of activities hostile to the security of the United States as an occupying power, will be regarded as having forfeited rights of communication with the outside world under the Geneva Convention (GC) for reasons of military security. Such forfeiture will be viewed as an exceptional and temporary measure. Due to the seriousness of the charges, such persons will not be processed as ordinary Cl. EPWs also have access IAW 190-8, para 3-16.)
11. What is your responsibility to the National Detainee Reporting Center (NDRC)? What is your relationship with the Theater Detainee Reporting Center (TDRC)? To the best of your knowledge, when were these centers stood up? Describe the Detainee Reporting System? (Software used, Data Base Management, Data Validation, Contingencies, Security and Privacy, etc.) Who has access? (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 2.2, 4.1) (AR 190-8, para 1-8, a, b, and (1) The Branch PWIC functions as the field operations agency for
the NPWIC. It is central agency responsible to maintain information on all EPW, CI, and RP and their personal property within an assigned theater of operations or in CONUS. b. The Branch PWIC serves as
the theater repository for information pertaining to: (1) Accountability of EPW, CI, and RP and implementation of DOD policy
12.What are the policies and procedures for US Forces transferring detainees to other Coalition Forces/Host Nation Forces? Has this been done? (1.1, 1.2, 2.2) (AR 190-8, paragraph 1-4g(1) (Commanders will provide for an EPW, CI, and RP camp liaison and assistance program to ensure the protection of U S interests per the Geneva Conventions upon the capture and transfer of detain s to p Nast.-r natio s.) .
13. What are the procedures that allow other United States Government Agencies (OGA) access and control to Detainees for the purpose of interrogations? What is the process for transfer and accountability of the Detainee? Does the commander of each internment facility have approval authority to transfer to OGAs? How much notice do they have to provide the chain of command for access or request for transfer? Do the same procedures apply when Military Intelligence personnel request access and control? (1.1, 1.2, 4.1) (FM 3-19.40, para 3-68, The interrogation area accommodates an interrogator, captive, a guard, and an interpreter as well as furniture. Accountability procedures are
implemented and required forms are available.) AR 190-40 reporting procedures. (FM 3-19-40, chapter 3/3--68) If a captive or his equipment or documents are removed from the receiving/processing line, account for them on DD Form 2708 and DA Form 4137. 3-68. The site is located where screeners can observe captives as they are segregated and processed. It is shielded from the direct view of captives and is far enough away that captives cannot overhear screeners' conversations. The site has an operation, administrative, and interrogation area. The interrogation area accommodates, a captive, a
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guard, and an interpreter as well as furniture, Lights are available for night operations. Accountability proc -. u r.impl -rnd td and required forms are vaila • le.
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14. Describe the screening /background checks required prior to hiring interpreters. Are
they trusted by U.S. Soldiers? (1.3, 1.7, 4.1) (FM 3-19.40, para 4-6, Request interpreters from MI, PSYOP, allied forges, local .rities as necessary.)
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15. What are your biggest issues concerning adequate facilities for Detainees? (1.1, 1.8, 4.1) (AR 190-8, para 6-1, Discusses in detail, the standard for internment facilities for Cls.)
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16. Since you have been in your position, what Detention facilities/locations have you visited and inspected for compliance with law, policy, and regulations? What were the results and findings? Can we get copies of your results? (1.1, 1.2) AR 190-8, DoD
Directive 5100.77, 1949 Geneva Convention, FM 3-19.40, These are the primary source for standards and doct •.• cernjng Detainee Operati s).
17. What procedures are in place when a detainee in U S custody dies? (1.1, 1.2, 4.1) AR 190-8, paragraph 3-10, When an EPW or RP in U.S. custody dies, the attending medical officer will
immediately furnish the camp (or hospital) commander or other officer charged with their custody before death, the following information: AR 190-8, paragraph 3-3a (20): Report allegations of criminal acts or war crimes committed by or against EPW/RP to the supporting element of the U.S. Army Criminal
Investigation Command (USACIDC). Deaths resulting from other than natural causes will be investigated by USACIDC. Para 3-10 c: When an EPW or RP in US custody dies, the attending medical officer furnish the camp (or hospital) commander or other officer charged with their custody before death, the following information: (1) Full name of deceased. (2) ISN of deceased. (3) Date, place, and cause of death. (4) Statement that death was, or was not, the result of the deceased's own misconduct. (5) When the cause of death is undetermined, the attending medical officer will make a statement to that effect. When the cause of death is finally determined, a supplemental report will be made as soon as possible. e. The attending medical officer and the appropriate camp commander will complete a DA Form 2669-R (Certificate of Death). DA Form 2669-R will be reproduced locally on 8 1/2 by 11-inch paper. The form is located at the back of this regulation. This form is for the use of Army only. Enough copies of form will be made out to provide distribution as follows: (1) Original-information center. (2) Copy-information center (branch), if7essary. (3) C py-The Surgeon General. (4) Copy-EPW or RP personal file. 1{5) The proper
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civil authorities responsible for recording deaths in the particular state if the EPW dies in the United States.
18.What do you perceive to be doctrinal Military Police shortcomings pertaining to Detainee Operations and how would you fix/incorporate into updated doctrine/accomplish differently? How does your doctrinal law enforcement mission suffer? How about Force Structure of Military Police units that ensures Detainee Operations can be successfully accomplished? What are the shortcomings and how do we fix at the Army-level? (1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1) AR 190-8, DoD Directive 5100.77, 1949 Geneva
Convention, FM 3-19.40, FM 3-19.4, These are the primary source for standards and doctrine concerning Det9r5Oper evezzafeak 77r
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19.Are you aware of your requirement to report abuse or suspected abuse of detainees? (1.1, 1.2, 1.6, 4.1) AR 190-40 para 2-1, Military and civilian personnel assigned to or accompanying a DoD Component know that they shall report reportable incidents through their chain of command and that such reports also may also be made through other channels, such as the military police, a judge advocate, or an Inspector General.) AR 190-40, Appendix B, Category 1 Reportable Serious Incidents, B-1. Actual or alleged incidents involving the following: b. War crimes, including mistreatment of enemy prisoners of war, violations of the Geneva Conventions, and atrocities. B-2. Any other incident the commander determines to be of immediate concern to HQDA based on the nature, gravity, potential for adverse publicity, or potential consequences of the incident.
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20. What do you perceive as the mission of your unit? Describe the importance of your role in that mission. (Insight to the Soldier's understanding and attitude concerning unit
mission and their role) AR 600-20 Command Policy 2-1. Chain of Command a. The chain of command assists commanders at all levels to achieve their primary function of accomplishing the unit's assigned mission while caring for personnel and property in their charge. A simple and direct chain of command facilitates the transmittal of orders from the highest to the lowest levels in a minimum of time and with the least chance of misinterpretation. b. Commanders delegate sufficient authority to soldiers in the chain of command to accomplish their assigned duties, and commanders may hold these soldiers responsible for
their alons.
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21. 'Describe your working environment and living conditions since being in Theater.
dentify physical and psychological impact on Soldier's attitude). (1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7) FM 10­
1, Ch. 7, para. 3, "Tactical Vision. A primary QMC focus at the tactical level will continue to be on sustainment of the soldier. Each company-sized unit will have two cooks and a small, state-of-the-art field kitchen. This provides a limited capability to prepare or heat meals and supplements. An improved containerized capability for providing responsive laundry and shower support well forward on the battlefield must be developed. Frontline soldiers require brief respites from the rigors associated with combat. A facility complex (Force Provider) will be available in which they can shower, clean their clothes,
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22. Describe the unit command climate and Soldier morale. Has it changed or evolved since you have been in Theater? (Identifies Soldier's perception of the chain of command
and Soldier attitude. Does the Soldier feel supported? Do Soldiers feel the Command cares? Are they getting clear guidance?) 1 AR 600-20 • 13 May 2002 1-5. Command, b. Elements of command.
c. The commander is responsible for establishing leadership climate of the unit and developing disciplined and cohesive units. This sets the parameters within which command will be exercised and, therefore, sets the tone for social and duty relationships within the command. (1) Commanders and other leaders committed to the professional Army ethic promote a positive environment. If leaders show loyalty to their soldiers, the Army, and the Nation, they earn the loyalty of their soldiers. If leaders consider their soldiers' needs and care for their well-being, and if they demonstrate genuine concern, these leaders build a positive command climate. (2) Duty is obedient and disciplined performance. Soldiers with a sense of duty accomplish tasks given them, seize opportunities for self-improvement, and accept responsibility from t eir superiors. Soldiers, leader and led alike, work together to accomplish the mission rather than fee.ei p-Iffinterest. .
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23. Are you aware of any incidences of detainee or other abuse in your unit? AR 190-8, 1-
5. General protection policy a. U.S. policy, relative to the treatment of EPW, CI and RP in the custody of the U.S. Armed Forces, is as follows: (1) All persons captured, detained, interned, or otherwise held in
U.S. Armed Forces custody during the course of conflict will be given humanitarian care and treatment from the moment they fall into the hands of U.S. forces until final release or repatriation. (2) All persons taken into custody by U.S. forces will be provided with the protections of the GPW until some other legal status is determined by competent authority. (3) The punishment of EPW, CI and RP known to have, or suspected of having, committed serious offenses will be administered IAW due process of law and under legally constituted authority per the GPW, GC, the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the Manual for Courts Martial. (4) The inhumane treatment of EPW, CI, RP is prohibited and is not justified by the stress of combat or with deep provocation. Inhumane treatment is a serious and punishable violation under international law and the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). b. All prisoners will receive humane treatment without regard to race, nationality, religion, political opinion, sex, or other criteria. The following acts are prohibited: murder, torture, corporal punishment, mutilation, the taking of hostages, sensory deprivation, collective punishments, execution without trial by proper authority, and all cruel and degrading treatment. c. All persons will be respected as human beings. They will be protected against all
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acts of violence to include rape, forced prostitution, assault and theft, insults, public curiosity, bodily injury, and reprisals of any kind. They will not be subjected to medical or scientific experiments. This list is not exclusive. EPW/RP are to be protected from all threats or acts of violence. d. Photographing, filming, and video taping of individual EPW, CI and RP for other than internal Internment Facility administration or intelligence/counterintelligence purposes is strictly prohibited. No group, wide area or aerial photographs of EPW, CI and RP or facilities will be taken unless approved by the senior Military Police officer in the Internment Facility commander's chain of command. e. A neutral state or an international humanitarian organization, such as the ICRC, may be designated by the U.S. Government as a Protecting Power (PP) to monitor whether protected persons are receiving humane treatment as required by the Geneva Conventions. The text of the Geneva Convention, its annexes, and any special agreements, will be pos d in each camp in the language of the EPW, CI and RP.
ADVISEMENT OF RIGHTS (For military personnel)
The text of Article 31 provides as follows a. No person subject to this chapter may compel any person to incriminate himself or to answer any questions the answer to which may tend to incriminate him. b. No person subject to this chapter may interrogate or request any statement from an accused or a person suspected of an offense without first informing him of the nature of the accusation and advising him that he does not have to make any statement regarding the offense of which he is accused or suspected, and that any statement made by him may be used as evidence against him in a trial by court-martial. c. No person subject to this chapter may compel any person to make a statement or produce evidence before any military tribunal if the statement or evidence is not material to the issue and may tend to degrade him.
d. No statement obtained from any person in violation of this article, or through the use of coercion,
unlawful influence, or unlawful inducement, may be received in evidence against him in a trial by court-martial. (1.2, 1.6)
I am (grade, if any, and name), a member of the (DAIG). I am part of a team inspecting detainee operations, this is not a criminal investigation. I am
reading you your rights because of a statement you made causes me to suspect that you may have committed . (specify offense, i.e.
aggravated assault, assault, murder). Under Article 31, you have the right to
remain silent, that is, say nothing at all. Any statement you make, oral or written,
may be used as evidence against you in a trial by courts-martial or in other judicial or administrative proceedings. You have the right to consult a lawyer and to have a lawyer present during this interview. You have the right to military legal counsel free of charge. In addition to military counsel, you are entitled to civilian counsel of your own choosing, at your own expense. You may request a lawyer at any time during this interview. If you decide to answer questions, you may stop the questioning at any time. Do you understand your rights? Do you want a lawyer? (If the answer is yes, cease all questions at this point). Are you willing to answer questions?
24. Describe what you understand happened leading up to and during the incident(s) of abuse. (No applicable standard).
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25. Describe Soldier morale, feelings and emotional state prior to and after these
incidents? (Identifies unit and Soldier morale, atmosphere, mood, attitude, stress, retaliation, preemption, family crisis)
26. Was this incident reported to the chain of command? How, when & what was done? What would you have done? (Identifies compliance, procedure, timeliness, Soldier perception of action taken and effect on unit morale.) (1.2, 1.6) (AR 190-40, Appendix B, Category 1
Reportable Serious Incidents, B-1. Actual or alleged incidents involving the following: b. War crimes, including mistreatment of enemy prisoners of war, violations of the Geneva Conventions, and atrocities. B-2. Any other incident the commander determines to be of immediate concern to HQDA based on the nature, gravity, potential for adverse publicity, or potential consequences of the incident. AR 190-40, Appendix C Category 2, Reportable Serious Incidents, C-1. Actual or alleged incidents involving the following: g. Incidents involving prisoners or detainees of Army confinement or correctional facilities to include escape from confinement or custody, disturbances which require the use of force, wounding or serious injury to a prisoner, and all prisoner deaths. C-2. Any other incident that the commander determines to be of concern to HQDA based on the nature, gravity, potential for adverse publicity, or potential consequences of the incident. AR 190-8, 5-1. General protection policy—civilian internee, a. Treatment. (1) No form of physical torture or moral coercion will be exercised against the Cl. This provision does not constitute a prohibition against the use of minimum force necessary to effect compliance with measures authorized or directed by these regulations. (2) In all circumstances, the CI will be treated with respect for their person, their honor, their family rights, their religious convictions and practices, and their manners and customs. At all times the CI will be humanely treated and protected against all acts of violence or threats and insults and public curiosity. In all official cases they will be entitled to a fair and regular trial as prescribed by this regulation. (3) The CI will be especially protected against all acts of violence, insults, public curiosity, bodily injury, reprisals of any kind, sexual attack such as rape, forced prostitution, or any form of indecent assault. (4) The CI will be treated with the same consideration and with-out adverse distinction based on race, religion, political opinion, sex, or age. AR 190-8, para 6-9, e. Any act or allegation of inhumane treatment or other violations of this regulation will be reported to HQDA (DAMO-ODL), WASH DC 20310-0400 as a Serious Incident Report. Reporting instructions in AR 190-40 will be used.).
27. How could the incident have been prevented? (Identifies root cause and perceived solution) (No applicable standard).
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28. Describe any unit training or other programs that you are aware of that teach leaders and Soldiers how to recognize and resolve combat stress. FM 22-51, para 11-5. Prevention of Misconduct Stress Behaviors. The measures which reduce battle fatigue and prevent battle fatigue casualties should also help reduce the incidence of misconduct stress behaviors. However, additional actions also need to be practiced consistently by leadership at all echelons and by buddies at the small unit level. FM 22-51, para 1-3, Stress control requires special involvement from direct (small unit) leaders. The responsibility extends up through the organizational leaders and their staffs (both officers and noncommissioned officers [NCOs]) at all echelons. Appendix A describes combat stress risk factors and prescribes leaders' actions to control them. Leaders, staffs, and individual soldiers all receive assistance from the supporting chaplains, the medical personnel, and combat stress control/mental health personnel (see Appendix B for information pertaining to combat stress control units). If any link in the chain of responsibility is weak, it is the responsibility of the other members of the chain to strengthen it. FM 8-51, para 1-1, b. Responsibility For Stress Control. Control of stress is the commander's responsibility (see FM 22-51) at all echelons. The commander is aided in this responsibility by the
noncommissioned officer (NCO) chain of support; the chaplaincy; unit medical personnel; general, principal, and special staff, and by specialized Army CSC units and mental health personnel. ) .
29.
What measures are in place to boost morale or to relieve stress? (Identifies perceived solution.) FM 22-51, para 11-5. Prevention of Misconduct Stress Behaviors. The measures which reduce battle fatigue and prevent battle fatigue casualties should also help reduce the incidence of misconduct stress behaviors. However, additional actions also need to be practiced consistently by leadership at all echelons and by buddies at the small unit level. FM 22-51, pare 1-3, Stress control requires special involvement from direct (small unit) leaders. The responsibility extends up through the organizational leaders and their staffs (both officers and noncommissioned officers [NCO* at all echelons. Appendix A describes combat stress risk factors and prescribes leaders' actions to control them. Leaders, staffs, and individual soldiers all receive assistance from the supporting chaplains, the medical personnel, and combat stress control/mental health personnel (see Appendix B for information pertaining to combat stress control units). If any link in the chain of responsibility is weak, it is the responsibility of the other members of the chain to strengthen it. FM 8-51, para 1-1, b. Responsibility For Stress Control. Control of stress is the commander's responsibility (see FM 22-51) at all echelons. The commander is aided in this responsibility by the noncommissioned officer (NCO) chain of support; the chaplaincy; unit medical personnel; general, principal, and special staff, and by specialized Army CSC units and mental health personnel. .

30.
What measures could the command enact to improve the morale and command climate of your unit? (Identifies perceived solution.) FM 22-103, Leadership and Command at

Senior Levels, 21 Jun 1987, p. 6, "Leadership. The process of influencing others to accomplish the mission by providing purpose, direction, and motivation." AR 600-100, Army Leadership, 17 Sep 1993, p.
10
DAIG - 865

DOD-016449

8, 1987- "Senior-level leadership is the art of direct and indirect influence and the skill of creating the conditions for sustained organizational success to achieve the desired result. But, above all, it is the art of taking a vision of what must be done, communicating it in a way that the intent is clearly understood, and then being tough enough to ensure its execution."
11
DAIG - 866 El
DOD-016450

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7053
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73